Molting in poultry is a natural process through which birds shed and regrow their feathers. It occurs periodically and typically accompanied by a pause and reduction in egg production. There is reduction in egg production because the bird’s energy is redirected from egg production to feather regeneration and bodily recovery.
Purpose of molting
Molting in poultry serves an important biological purpose. The process gives the laying bird’s reproductive system a much – needed rest helping to rejuvenate their bodies and prepare them for a new cycle of egg production. Molting is important to all poultry for
- Maintaining good feather condition
- Regulating body temperature
- Supporting overall health and productivity
Types of molting
Molting in poultry can occur in different forms, depending on the bird’s age, environment, and management system. There two main types namely
Natural molting – This happens seasonally and is triggered by changes in day light hours, temperature, nutrition and age. This process of molting is not forced but naturally.
Induced molting – This a controlled practice in commercial poultry farming used to extend the productive life of laying birds. It involves manipulating the feed and lighting available to the birds to induce molting. By understanding the process, commercial farmers manage induced molting periods effectively for better flock health and productivity.
When does molting occur –
Typically, molting happen once in a year at specific stages in a bird’s life. Molting can also occur after a long laying period or during times of stress. However, molting usually occur when daylight hours begin to shorten.
Birds may begin light molting as early as 6 weeks old. Significant molting usually begin around the age of week 16 to 18. After this, subsequent molting happen annually in the birds.
Signs of molting –
Molting in poultry is usually easy to spot, when birds begin to gradually lose feathers. Usually the loss of feathers starts from the head and neck, followed by the back, wings, and tail. Other signs include –
- Reduction or stop in egg production
- Pale comb and wattles due to hormonal changes
- Behavioural changes in birds – such as weakness
- Growth of short spiky new feathers as pin feathers
Nutritional needs during molting –
During this phase, birds experience physiological stress and require specific nutritional adjustments to support recovery, immunity, and optimal feather regeneration. Neglecting proper nutrition during this period can result in poor feather regrowth, weakened immunity, and prolonged recovery time, which ultimately impacts the bird’s productivity post-molt. Key nutritional need of the poultry during molting include –
- High protein quality – Increased protein level in the diet (typically around 16–18% crude protein) is crucial for feather development.
- Moderate energy – Energy dense ingredients, maize, sorghum, or vegetable oils in controlled proportions must be maintained to support metabolic needs without causing obesity.
- Increase levels of vitamins and minerals – Give essential vitanins (like A, D3 and E) and minerals (like Zinc and manganese) in good levels to support immunity, reduce stress and support skin health.
Flock management tips during molting –
Molting is often stressful and can lead to temporary drop in productivity of the flock.. Effective management during molting is essential to prepare the flock for a stronger and more productive laying cycle after molting. Key management tips are –
- Provide fresh, clean water at all times to aid nutrient absorption and prevent dehydration.
- Provide protein- rich diet to support feather regrowth
- Minimize stress by maintaining a consistent feeding schedule and avoiding unnecessary handling.
- Supplement feeds with multivitamins and mineral premixes where needed.
- Keep the poultry house clean, dry, and well-ventilated. Good hygiene prevents disease and supports faster recovery.
- Birds are more vulnerable during this time. Therefore, regular health checks and vaccinations are important.
Signs to differentiate molting from disease attack –
Molting and disease outbreaks can both cause sudden changes in poultry behavior and appearance, such as feather loss and reduced egg production. However, it is crucial for poultry farmers to distinguish between the two, as their causes, effects, and required responses are different. While molting is a natural and non-threatening process, disease outbreaks require immediate attention and treatment to prevent losses.
| Signs of molting | Signs of disease | |
| 1 | Droppings remain well-formed with no signs of diarrhea, blood, or abnormal color | Watery, bloody, greenish, or foul-smelling droppings are common signs of infections |
| 2 | Feathers are shed in a symmetrical and orderly pattern from the head and neck to the back and wing. | Patchy and uneven feather loss with skin irritations |
| 3 | Birds remain active and alert | Birds and weak, inactive and withdrawn |
Benefits of molting –
Molting is a natural and important process in the life of a bird, especially in laying hens. Though it might seem stressful, it brings several key benefits that help maintain the overall health and productivity of the flock –
- Feather renewal – Molting allows birds to shed old, worn-out feathers and grow new, healthy feathers, which improve insulation and protection from harsh weather.
- Reproductive system reset – Also, it stop egg laying temporarily in layer birds.to allow for improved egg quality and shell strength after molting.
- Drive greater productivity with consistent quality improvement – It gives fresh start to the birds body system (particularly layers. This helps the bird to lay more consistently bigger eggs with stronger shell
Conclusion –
Molting is a natural and essential phase in a bird’s life cycle that supports feather renewal, reproductive health, and long-term productivity. Understanding the signs, benefits, and proper management during molting empowers poultry farmers to care for their flock more effectively and maintain peak performance throughout the year.
As a poultry farmer, don’t panic when molting begins in your flock – embrace it as an opportunity to refresh the flock. However, provide balanced nutrition, clean water, and a stress-free environment to support your birds through this vital process.
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